The median classical CD8+:Treg ratio was lower in the HPV-negative group as compared to the HPV-positive group: 1.0 vs 3.0 in the total area (p = 0.008), 1.9 vs 7.0 in the tumour (p = 0.003) and 0.7 vs 2.0 in the stroma (p = 0.004) (Fig. 4d). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.