ABCB1 and cancer: Additionally, the study explores the nanoparticles’ (NPs) impact on the expression of key genes involved in cancer progression and resistance, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-α), Survivin, Caspase 3, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), and ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 1 (ABCC1).