Given the well-established roles of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils in maintaining immunosuppressive microenvironment via high expression of immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines25,40, it is plausible that CXCL16-mediatd TNFR2+ Treg recruitment may represent an additional mechanism by which these myeloid cells amplify immunosuppression. Here, CXCL16 is linked to neoplasm.