We show that the significant increase of IgG to ancestral spike upon vaccination with the bivalent vaccine is exclusive to the group without evidence of recent infection as defined by PCR/LFT confirmed COVID-19 infection and/or a greater than twofold increase in anti-N IgG or T cell IFN-γ responses to peptides of the membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins between the pre-V4 and V4 + 1 m timepoints. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.