SDF-1 alpha and TNF-RII, in particular, have been identified as potential serum markers for immune dysregulation in LRRK2 mutation carriers, though not to the extent of differentiating LRRK2+/PD and LRRK2-/PD or LRRK2+/UC and LRRK2-/UC. The gene discussed is LRRK2; the disease is Parkinson disease.