KRAS and cancer: KRAS-G12C and G12V preferentially activate the RAL A/B signaling pathway, whereas KRAS-G12D tends to activate the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.74 Analyzing the distinct biochemical properties of KRAS isoforms and categorization of KRAS-driven cancers will help streamline and focus on specific targets of therapy, whether a specific effector, an isoform, or a pathway.