TGFB1 and asthma: In another study evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of MSC-EXOs on PBMCs of asthma patients, the data showed that MSC-EXOs increased the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 by PBMCs, thereby enhancing the proliferation and immunosuppressive ability of Tregs and exerting an immunomodulatory effect in asthmatic mice [79].