PTH and renal osteodystrophy: In 2006, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) [2] initiative introduced this term to encompass the following clinical manifestations: (1) abnormalities in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D; (2) Abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength (i.e., renal osteodystrophy, ROD); and (3) extraskeletal soft tissue and arterial calcification.