However, at 72 hours post-infection, the expression of IL-17, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORγt, and IL-6 genes was markedly reduced in the Pm_OMVs-infected group compared to the Pm group (P < 0.01), whereas the expression levels of TGF-β, GATA-3, IL-4, and FoxP3 were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Here, FOXP3 is linked to infection.