At 72 hours post-infection, protein levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORγt, and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas TGF-β, GATA-3, IL-4, and FoxP3 protein expression was significantly upregulated in the Pm_OMVs-infected group compared to the Pm group (P < 0.01). Here, FOXP3 is linked to infection.