TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: We and others previously reported that small-molecule inhibitors of DYRK1A (e.g., KVN93 and Dyrk1-inh) alleviate LPS-induced neuroinflammation by modulating TLR4/AKT/STAT3 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways and reduce AD-associated microglial/astroglial activation (21, 22).