NES and Alzheimer disease: Next, we examined the effects of AAV-DYRK1A shRNA injection on AD-associated glial dynamics in 3.5-month-old 5xFAD mice and found that DYRK1A knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the RA markers GFAP, GBP2, CXCL10, and DST but not NESTIN (Figures 3D, E).