PRDX1 and neoplasm: However, the impact of PRDX1 on the TME, particularly its potential role in anti‐tumor immunity, remained completely unexplored. The immunosuppressive TME is a major barrier to effective cancer therapy. A key immunosuppressive factor is lactate, the end‐product of glycolysis, which is abundantly secreted by metabolically active cancer cells. Excessive lactate modulates immune responses within the TME, promoting M2 polarization of TAMs via extracellular acidification [12, 13, 14].