To investigate the correlation between macular retinal and choroidal structural characteristics and refractive status in preschool-aged children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to analyze the relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and microcirculatory alterations. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity.