The rationale for combining TRAIL-oncolytic viruses with PAC-1 is therefore compelling: TRAIL initiates apoptosis upstream, while PAC-1 amplifies downstream caspase activity, together providing a potent and tumor-selective pro-apoptotic strategy (Wang and El-Deiry, 2003; Gujar et al., 2018). Here, TNFSF10 is linked to neoplasm.