Emerging literature suggests possible shared pathogenic mechanisms between these two diseases, including a common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) background (e.g., HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2), the presence of anti-cN1A antibodies (frequently positive in both conditions), and a role for cytotoxic T cells, as supported by the observed association of both diseases with T-cell leukemia and lymphoma (13). The gene discussed is NT5C1A; the disease is T-cell leukemia.