For instance, the Rac1-GAP ARHGAP24 knock-down in podocytes increased membrane ruffling, while a loss-of-function mutation in the ARHGAP24 gene was associated with hereditary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a kidney disease characterized by podocyte dysfunction (Akilesh et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene RAC1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.