HMOX1 and gastroesophageal reflux disease: For instance, oxidative stress-related genes (e.g., HO-1, GSH) are consistently implicated in GERD pathogenesis,[13,14] while stroke studies highlight neuroinflammatory pathways (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6).[15] However, our study is the first to systematically identify overlapping molecular mechanisms using machine learning-based integration of multi-omics data.