For example, Kenna et al (2011) described inner-ear malformations, including semicircular canal hypoplasia and vestibular aqueduct enlargement, in a subset of children with biallelic GJB2 mutations.[47] Meanwhile, aberrant connexin 26 hemichannels have been mechanistically implicated in neurotoxicity and structural brain dysfunction in animal models of KID syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene GJB2 and KID syndrome.