CASP3 and colonic neoplasm: Rahbar Saadat et al. [141] investigated the inhibitory role of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of P. kudriavzevii on different colon cancer cell lines and found that the EPSs induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines (SW-480, HT-29, HCT-116) by upregulating pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-8) and downregulating the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.