In summary, the combination of the genotypic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic results presented herein suggest that phage resistance in E. amylovora may be a multipronged approach that is affected by (1) the Rcs phosphorelay system (i.e., LPS, biofilm, and T3SS changes), as well as (2) an abortive infection process (retron EC48) and/or (3) an OmpA/YiaD-related mechanism. This evidence concerns the gene ARPP21 and infection.