TGFB1 and infection: Genes such as TGFB1 (involved in inflammation and fibrosis regulation), IL8 (cytokine signaling), EDNRA (vascular tone and remodeling), EHF and APIP (oxidative stress response), and MUC5B and SLC9A3 (airway mucus and ion transport) have been associated with variations in lung function, infection susceptibility, and inflammation in pwCF [6,25,26].