NFKB1 and cancer: Furthermore, with advancements in research methods such as the use of organoids, patient-derived xenografts, and 3D culture modeling, and given that the tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem modulated by the NF-κB pathway, further research regarding therapeutics targeting the pathway should be explored in how the NF-κB pathway affects the TME and thus cancer initiation/progression [95].