The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in mitigating oxidative stress during ischemia by regulating signaling pathways involving Keap1 proteins, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Here, HMOX1 is linked to ischemia.