DLD and kidney disorder: Given that sirt3 competes with other NAD+-utilizing enzymes such as NAD kinase [220,221], CD38 [119,222], and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [223,224], as well as other alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes [225,226], functional characterization of these other NAD+-dependent enzymes and their relationship to sirt3 would also need to be investigated in a variety of kidney diseases.