Luteolin displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of arthritis, where it inhibited NO, PGE2, and TNF-α production, downregulated COX-2 and iNOS expression, and reduced matrix metalloproteinases through blockade of NF-κB and MAPK signaling [39]. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and arthritic joint disease.