In lung cancer, edible kiwi-derived vesicles loaded with siSTAT3 and decorated with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) aptamer safely suppressed growth of multidrug-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC, highlighting charge-free, plant-derived EVs for precision targeting [69] while an engineered hybrid of EVs with gold–siRNA nanocomplexes silenced the B7-H4 checkpoint, curtailed proliferation/invasion, and achieved antitumor efficacy in NSCLC xenografts with limited effects in normal cells [70]. Here, VTCN1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.