MACC1 and colorectal cancer: In colorectal cancer, TM4SF5-targeted exosomes delivering miR-143 diminish metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) signaling and curb invasion and tumor growth, whereas macrophage EVs enriched in NEAT1 promote colorectal cancer (CRC) stemness by sponging miR-34a-5p and restoring PEA15, highlighting both therapeutic cargo and decoy axes for intervention [92,93].