Another single-center pilot clinical trial tested the effect of pioglitazone for the treatment of stage IA to IIB NSCLC patients, with the primary and secondary endpoints being the assessment of tissue biomarkers such as Ki-67, toxicity/safety profile, and tumor metabolic activity by fludeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET). This evidence concerns the gene MKI67 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.