PVALB and autism: Compelling evidence from post-mortem neuropathological studies of individuals with autism has consistently demonstrated a reduced number of specific subtypes of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, particularly parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons and somatostatin-positive interneurons, which play crucial roles in maintaining proper excitatory-inhibitory balance and supporting gamma oscillations essential for cognitive function and sensory processing [47].