Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HIF-1 gene, particularly those resulting in a Pro582Ser substitution, are linked to a reduced collateral formation in coronary artery disease (CAD) and are associated with a clinical presentation of stable exertional angina rather than acute myocardial infarction, suggesting a potential role in earlier disease presentation [119]. Here, HIF1A is linked to acute myocardial infarction.