The most common type is the K48-linked ubiquitin chain, which primarily marks proteins for degradation by the proteasome, the second most common type is the K63-linked ubiquitin chain, which performs various non-degradative functions [20].In prostate cancer, DTX3L promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of TIRR, which impairs TIRR’s negative regulation of 53BP1 [21]. The gene discussed is NUDT16L1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.