In ENKTCL, MDSCs are recruited and activated within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by EBV- and tumor-driven factors, including GM-CSF, IL-6, TGF-β, CCL2, and CXCL8, which promote both monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) subtypes and enhance their suppressive phenotype [71,72,73]. Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.