MAPK3 and monocytic leukemia: Moreover, metabolites derived from ellagitannins, particularly urolithins formed by gut microbiota, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in human and murine immune cells, including THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line)- and RAW 264.7-derived macrophages, by attenuating TNF-α production and enhancing interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling.