INS and hepatocellular carcinoma: In HCC cells, insulin binding to the insulin receptor triggers the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA-1) and its nuclear translocation in the company of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma (eEF-1γ) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which together bind to the ZEB1 promoter to activate its expression [34].