TP53 and colorectal carcinoma: Our findings support four key conclusions: (1) MSI status is a robust predictor of 5-FU sensitivity, independent of racial origin; (2) race and MSI status exert a layered influence on the transcriptional profiles of CRC cells; (3) the novel fluoropyrimidine F10 demonstrates superior potency and consistency compared to 5-FU across diverse cell profiles, including those with p53 mutations; and (4) the dietary triterpene lupeol may enhance F10 efficacy through co-activation of the Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway.