LCN2 and endothelial dysfunction: Conversely, administration of LCN2 induces endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and enhanced endothelium-dependent contraction, partly via upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) and modulation of cytochrome P450-2C9 activity, which further increases reactive oxygen species production and vascular inflammation [26,27,28,29,30,31].