MTOR and cancer: In addition to their effects on the AMPK/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, both agents have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by modulating other signaling cascades, including the JAK/STAT3, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways.