CASP3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Figure 8A shows that the combined treatment of PDT with DCA significantly induced caspase-3/-7 activation in PANC-1 cells. While 30 mM DCA alone produced only 11% apoptotic cells, PDT with DCA at 54 J/cm2 nearly tripled this effect (29%). Increasing the laser dose to 108 J/cm2 further enhanced caspase-3/-7 activation to 37%. The results demonstrate that PDT in combination with DCA synergistically induced intrinsic apoptotic cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. Figure 8B shows consolidated data based on Figure 8A.