CTSB and glioblastoma: Conversely, in some glioblastoma models (U87MG, Gli36ΔEGFR), TQ inhibits autophagy (reduced Beclin-1 and ATG7 expression) and promotes lysosomal membrane permeabilization with cathepsin-B release, thereby sensitizing cells to temozolomide and favoring non-autophagic death pathways [43].