AKT1 and lung carcinoma: Particularly, integrin-mediated mechanotransduction enables lung cancer cells to sense dynamic changes in ECM composition and mechanical stiffness, including elevated fibrillar collagen density and enhanced crosslinking, which modulate additional downstream effectors such as Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB or AKT), Wnt/β-catenin, and Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)/Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ-Binding Motif (TAZ) pathways [79].