Next, these authors compared ATM-NEMO-IKK signaling between CD34+ myeloblasts (hematopoietic progenitors) from healthy controls and patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (high-risk MDS differs from low-risk MDS in that apoptosis is widespread in the latter and very rare in the former). This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and myelodysplastic syndrome.