LCN2 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pang et al. demonstrated significant increased circulatory and urinary PTX3 in SLE-tubulointerstitial inflammation that are also closely associated with urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), microalbumin and transferrin excretion, and pathologic scores for inflamed kidney in active LN [66].