TNF and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A prospective observational study involving 158 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction demonstrated that elevated intestinal Lactobacillus abundance correlated with reduced circulating levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde, suggesting attenuation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.