NS is of remarkable importance in the pathology of patients with T2DM involving cardiometabolic parameters such as: glycemic factors (fasting insulin, HbA1c, homeostatic model evaluation for insulin resistance HOMA-IR, homeostatic model evaluation for HOMA-β pancreatic beta cells), lipid panel (HDL, LDL, TG, TC), anthropometric indices (BMI, body weight), liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and creatinine, as documented by Karimi in a recent study (June 2025), concluding that NS supplementation improved glycemic markers and lipid profiles [206,207]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.