LPA and cardiovascular disorder: Fourthly, sample size was relatively modest and the participants were from a specific geographical region; this may not reflect the distribution of Lp(a) levels or reclassification rates in other populations with different ethnic, genetic, or lifestyle backgrounds; similarly, we could not adjust for certain potential confounding factors, specific dietary habits, family histories of premature cardiovascular disease, or concomitant inflammatory conditions, which may influence cardiovascular risk independently of Lp(a).