In GBM, preclinical studies have demonstrated the oncogenic roles of IGF2 [47], EDNRB [48,49], C3AR1 [50,51], CLCF1 [52], NTRK1 [42,53], OSMR [54,55,56,57], KCNN4 [58,59] and SLC18A3 [6] in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, chemoresistance, stemness and survival (Table 6). The gene discussed is C3AR1; the disease is glioblastoma.