Targeted therapies and ICIs have demonstrated improved efficacy and tolerability compared with historical cytokine treatments, but each class carries renal-specific toxicities: TKIs and mTOR inhibitors can provoke hypertension and proteinuria, while ICIs can cause immune-related nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and diarrhea that may accelerate the loss of renal function. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and nephrotic syndrome.