CSF2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Lower serum and intratumoral chemerin levels in HCC patients correlate with poorer prognosis [70], while chemerin overexpression in mice inhibits angiogenesis, enhances immune activation, and suppresses NF-κB, IL-6, and GM-CSF signaling, leading to reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and increased IFN-γ–producing T cells [75,76].