MTOR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In obesity-associated endometrial pathology, adipose-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) engages VEGFR2 on endometrial cells, triggering Tyr1175 phosphorylation and subsequent mTORC1 activation, establishing a mechanistic link whereby obesity-associated angiogenesis amplifies mTOR-dependent proliferative signaling [4,39,40,41].