The results of another prospective study of 87 patients who received vancomycin, of whom 32 (36.8%) were in the ICU, implicated that urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels were significantly higher on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 in the vancomycin-associated AKI group compared to the non-AKI group. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.