TYROBP and diabetes mellitus: While DAP12 has been shown to protect against autoimmunity in DAP12−/− mice [21], and inhibition of the DAP12 signaling pathway reduces neutrophil activation in rheumatoid arthritis [29], paradoxically, other studies, have reported increased susceptibility to experimentally induced diabetes and autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DAP12−/− mice [30,31].