Co-loading EVs with synergistic cargoes, such as RUNX2 siRNA (targeting osteogenesis) [118,119] and IL-10 mRNA (anti-inflammatory) [120], has been shown to halt CAVD progression by simultaneously inhibiting calcification and macrophage-driven fibrosis. The gene discussed is RUNX2; the disease is congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.